Yugoslavia

The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (formed in 1946) renamed itself the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1963, at which point it consisted of six Socialist Republics (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia and Serbia, plus the automomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina.

The SFRY began disentegrating in June 1991 when Croatia and Slovenia declared independence. September the same year Macedonia also declared independence. In 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina was recognized by most European countries. Each of these nations has a unique history of achieving their sovereignty.

Montenegro and Serbia remained together as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 2003, when it was renamed "Serbia and Montenegro". In 2006 Montenegro declared its indepencence.

The Army of Yugoslavia was called Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija (JNA) from 1945 until 1992. It was renamed Vojska Jugoslavije (VJ), and retained that name until 2003 when it became Vojska Srbije i Crna Gore (Military of Serbian and Montenegro).

Yugoslavian Camouflage Patterns

• The first camouflage pattern of the JNA was the "Mountain" pattern, printed on Soviet-style sniper suits. The fabric for these uniforms was allegedly supplied by East Germany. Two colour variations (dark and light) have been documented. Although primitive in design, the uniforms remained in service well into the late 1990s.

• The M68 MOL (Maskirno Odelo Letnje) summer camouflage pattern was first issued in 1968. The pattern was printed on a slightly more practical sniper's oversuit, but also appeared on shelterhalves and body armour. During the Yugoslav Wars, many items were cannibalized to fabricate custom uniforms or field equipment. At the same time a plain white winter oversuit was also introduced called M68 MOZ (Maskirno Odelo Zimsko or "Camouflage Winter Uniform").

• The M87 small oak leaf pattern was tested by reconnaissance units of the 63rd Airborne Brigade and some military police units between 1986 and 1988. It was never officially adopted. The pattern is identical to that used by Slovenia, but with different colours.

• The M89 oak leaf pattern entered into standard usage with the JNA from 1990 until around 2003. Also used by the Bosnian Serb Army

• The M93 oak leaf pattern is the same camouflage pattern as the M89, but used on a new series of uniforms.

• An experimental green tiger pattern was tested from around 1995

• Introduced in 1992, the green tiger pattern was used by JNA special forces, and later by MUP (Ministarstvo Unutrašnjih Poslova - Ministry of Internal Affairs). It was obviously influenced by the original French tenue leopard design.

Photographs of Yugoslavian Military Personnel

• Two JNA military policemen, 1992. Both wearing M89 uniforms.

• Either a JNA or Krajina Serb soldier, 1992. He is wearing a vest in the M89 pattern